God has not specifically gifted me (Tim) with writing, but I
felt like I should write a post telling about what has been going on at the
hospital over the past few months. Lori has described a few of the experiences
we have had together in earlier posts, but I would like to share some more.
Since coming back to Ghana in July, I have been spending most of my time in the
Maternity Ward of the hospital, and especially since the beginning of September.
I also round on the Isolation Ward each day, but this post will be dedicated to
Maternity Ward stories.
The
reason that I have been the main person rounding on the Maternity Ward since
September is because Dr. Victoria, one of the Ghanaian physicians that I
started working with almost 2.5 years ago at BMC and who is interested in
obstetrics, has had to take some time off from work for a couple different
reasons. Fortunately, in September, there was a fourth year Family Medicine
resident, Charlie, from my residency program in Texas that came for the month,
and he was a tremendous help. I also hope that he learned a lot from the
variety of cases that came in that month.
One patient that we had toward the
end of September was a young woman that came in with repetitive seizures. She
was found to be pregnant at about 23 weeks, had mildly elevated blood
pressures, lots of protein in her urine, and her baby was not alive. In
obstetrics, you pretty much assume that anybody that is pregnant and with new
onset seizures has eclampsia (a life-threatening condition in pregnancy that
requires urgent delivery). She was admitted from our outpatient department one
morning at a time when I was somewhere else in the hospital, and she was
started on magnesium sulfate (the medicine of choice to control seizures in
eclampsia). I came by the ward a little later and saw the woman for the first
time, and she was seizing continuously, so we checked her blood sugar (low
blood sugar can cause seizures), which was normal; we then gave her two doses
of one type of anti-seizure medicine (but it did not help); we then gave a
loading dose of another type of anti-seizure medicine (and it also did not
help); we also gave Artesunate IV (to treat possible malaria, which is endemic
here) as well as Ceftriaxone (an antibiotic to treat possible meningitis, which
is also endemic here). I had placed a pulse oximeter on her finger at one
point, and it was reading that the oxygen in her blood was around 40-50%
(normal is above 90-94%), both on and off oxygen. At this point, I decided that
we needed to do a Cesarean section (since delivery is the ultimate treatment
for eclampsia, she was not close to delivering on her own, and she was severely
hypoxic (low oxygen levels) despite being on maximum oxygen available on our
ward (plus the OR had access to a tank of 100% oxygen, which I hoped would
help). We took her to the OR, and her oxygen levels went up to the upper 90s on
the 100% oxygen with a mask. We then did the Cesarean section and monitored her
in the OR for around 6 hours afterwards until her oxygen levels were above 90%
on the oxygen concentrator (what we have in the wards for administering
oxygen). She even began to wake up some and resist us. We then transferred her
back to the ward, and the next morning her blood oxygen levels were in the mid
90s on oxygen. Unfortunately, later that day, they called me back to the ward
because she had begun vomiting up green stuff and had stopped breathing. Her
heart stopped soon after that, and despite CPR, she then died. This was by far
the hardest obstetric situation I have faced since coming back to Ghana.
Our hospital is pretty rural, about
a 2.5-3 hour drive away from a larger hospital, which is the teaching hospital
in Tamale. Even though that is the case, we are still very blessed to have the possibility
to transfer patients to a higher-level of care, even by ambulance if we need it.
There have not been very many times where I have needed to transfer obstetric
patients to Tamale, but in the last couple of months, there have been several
cases that have needed it. Also, there is normally no feedback that I receive
about the patients that I transfer, but I will tell you about a few where I
have received some word. Dr. Victoria had given me the phone number of one of
the OB/Gyn specialists at Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH), and I have been
calling her to discuss difficult cases prior to transfer. It gave me some
assurance (in kind of a strange way) that I was not transferring silly cases
when I called this specialist about the third transfer for the month, and she
told me that she was starting to get palpitations whenever she saw that I was
calling (because of the complexity of the cases). To name a few of them:
First, there was a lady that came
in with a suspected partial placental abruption (the placenta, or life supply
for the baby, was coming off of the inside of the uterus) at 23 weeks, and the
baby was not alive. She delivered normally shortly thereafter, but then the
rest of her placenta was stuck inside and had to be removed. The next day, she
was very anemic (looked pale), had low platelets (in the 30s- low normal is
150), and her eyes looked yellow. I was concerned about HELLP syndrome (acronym
for Hemolysis- breaking apart of red blood cells leading to anemia; Elevated
Liver enzymes- as shown by the yellow eyes, but we cannot check liver enzymes
at BMC; and Low Platelets), a very serious condition in pregnant and postpartum
women that usually requires several units of blood and blood products (which is
limited at our facility). We transferred her by ambulance to TTH, and I later
received word back that she was treated as HELLP and recovered.
Second, there was another lady who
was about 29 weeks pregnant who had Hepatitis B, a seizure disorder, and who
had been vomiting blood for the past 4 days and was confused and not talking.
She was transferred by ambulance to TTH and improved.
Third and Fourth, I sent two ladies
so that they would have access to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit because they
were likely going to need to be delivered early. One was at 26 weeks with
preeclampsia with severely elevated blood pressures who had persistent spots in
her vision. Another one was at 33 weeks by an earlier ultrasound with
preeclampsia with severely elevated blood pressures, and her baby was measuring
significantly smaller on U/S than it should have (~27 weeks). I have not
received any feedback about the first one yet, but just this week I saw the second lady. Unfortunately, she said that her labor was induced about 1 week after being transferred, but the baby died a few hours before she delivered.
Fifth, there was a lady who had a
seizure disorder and was undergoing induction of labor. Unfortunately, her baby
died during the induction (as a side note, intermittent monitoring of the heart
rate of babies during labor is not the same as in the US; instead of being
checked every 15-30 minutes or more often, it is usually checked about every 4
hours or so; therefore, babies dying during labor are much more common here
than in the US, where we can catch a baby early that is not doing so well and
either take for Cesarean section or try other maneuvers to help the baby). She
later delivered normally and then had a retained placenta, which needed
removal. Prior to removal, we noticed that she was breathing a little fast, so
we placed a pulse oximeter and saw that her blood oxygen levels were in the low
80s. We placed her on oxygen, finished the procedure, and started some new
medicines to treat the suspected infection. The next day, she began having much
more difficulty breathing and her blood oxygen level was in the 70s on maximum
oxygen, so we got her set up with an ambulance for transfer to TTH. Then, just
this past week, the woman, her husband, and her mother came by our house with
one of the pastors of a local church to tell us thank you. I have attached the
picture for this lady and her family on this blog.
Even though the outcome for the baby in many of these stories was not good, God was gracious in saving most of the lives of the mothers, and we praise Him for that.
There are many more maternity
patient stories that I could tell, but these are some of the ones that stood
out and that I wanted to share with you.